双活性磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖对羟基苯甲酸酯的合成及活性模拟

以蔗渣木聚糖(BX)为主要原料、氨基三磺酸钠为酯化剂,在一步酯化合成磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖酯的基础上,利用磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖酯和对羟基苯甲酸进行二步酯化反应,合成了磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖对羟基苯甲酸酯,并考察了反应条件对酯化反应的影响,通过单因素实验确定了第二步酯化反应较佳的合成工艺条件.蔗渣木聚糖酯化改性前后的样品分别用FT-IR,DG-DTG和XRD进行了表征,并对该双酯化衍生物的分子进行了优化与活性模拟.结果表明:FT-IR证明双酯化产物含有磺酸基团和对羟基苯甲酸酯基团,TG-DTG分析表明该双酯化衍生物的热稳定性提高,XRD说明发生双酯化改性后分子排列的规整性提高,结晶度增加;活性模拟实现了磺酸基蔗渣木聚糖对羟基苯甲酸酯与艾滋病毒的对接.     

氮掺杂纳米管包覆金属钴催化苯甲醇和苯胺一步N-烷基化反应

通过直接热解三聚氰胺、硝酸钴和葡萄糖混合物制备氮掺杂碳纳米管包覆金属钴催化剂(Co@NCNT).Co@NCNT具有较大的比表面积、均匀的氮分布以及包覆结构.在苯甲醇和苯胺一步法N-烷基化反应中Co@N CNT具有较高的催化活性,且循环4次反应活性没有明显的变化.控制实验和中毒实验表明金属Co和N对催化活性起着重要的作用,同时金属Co是中间产物N-苄叉苯胺加氢的主要活性位.     

The Origin of Hierarchical Structure Formation in Highly Grafted Symmetric Supramolecular Double‐Comb Diblock Copolymers

Involving supramolecular chemistry in self‐assembling block copolymer systems enables design of complex macromolecular architectures that, in turn, could lead to complex phase behavior. It is an elegant route, as complicated and sensitive synthesis techniques can be avoided. Highly grafted double‐comb diblock copolymers based on symmetric double hydrogen bond accepting poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐poly(N‐acryloylpiperidine) diblock copolymers and donating 3‐nonadecylphenol amphiphiles are realized and studied systematically by changing the molecular weight of the copolymer. Double perpendicular lamellae‐in‐lamellae are formed in all complexes, independent of the copolymer molecular weight. Temperature‐resolved measurements demonstrate that the supramolecular nature and ability to crystallize are responsible for the formation of such multiblock‐like structures. Because of these driving forces and severe plasticization of the complexes in the liquid crystalline state, this supramolecular approach can be useful for steering self‐assembly of both low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight block copolymer systems.     

Dynamic Modulation of Enzyme Activity by Near-Infrared Light

Engineering near-infrared (NIR) light-sensitive enzymes remains a huge challenge. A photothermal effect-associated method is developed for tailoring the enzymatic activity of enzymes by exposure to NIR light. An ultrasmall platinum nanoparticle was anchored in an enzyme to generate local heating upon NIR irradiation, which enhanced the enzyme activity without increasing bulk temperature. Following NIR irradiation, the enzyme activity was tailored rapidly and reversibly, and was modulated by varying laser power density and irradiation time. Four enzymes were engineered, including glucoamylase, glucose oxidase, catalase, and proteinase K with NIR-light sensitivity, and demonstrated their utility in practical applications such as photolithography and NIR light-responsive antibacterial or anticancer actions. Our investigation suggests that this approach could be broadly used to engineer enzymes with NIR-light sensitivity for many biological applications.     

Kinetically Controlled Layer-by-Layer Stacking of Metal Oxide 2D Nanosheets

An efficient chemical way to finely control the layer-by-layer stacking of inorganic nanosheets (NS) is developed by tuning the type and composition of intercalant ion, and the reaction temperature for restacking process. The finely controlled stacking of NS relies on a kinetic control of the self-assembly of NS in the presence of coordinating organic cations. A critical role of organic cations in this assembly highlights the importance of the appropriate activation energy. Of prime importance is that a fine-control of the interstratification of 2D NS is highly effective not only in tailoring its pore structure but also in enhancing its electrode activity. The present study clearly demonstrates that the kinetically controlled restacking of NS provides a facile and powerful method to tailor their stacking number and functionality.     

硫氰根选择性吸附在g-C_3N_4/Ag表面增强其光催化制氢性能(英文)

作为一种无金属的新型半导体材料,g-C_3N_4因具有稳定的物理化学性质及合适的能带结构而引起人们的关注.理论上g-C_3N_4完全满足水分解的电势条件.然而研究发现,g-C_3N_4材料本身的光催化性能并不好,这主要是由于半导体材料被光激发后生成的自由电子和空穴还没来得及到达材料表面参与反应,就在材料体相内发生复合,导致电子参与有效光催化制氢反应的几率大大降低.同时还发现,将少量的贵金属,如Pt,Au,Pd作助催化剂修饰在该半导体表面,其光催化性能明显提高.但由于这些贵金属储量非常稀少,价格昂贵,导致它们的使用受到一定限制.而Ag作为一种价格远低于Pt,Au,Pd的贵金属,也得到了广泛的研究.研究表明,金属Ag储存电子的能力很好,因此可以有效地将半导体上生成的光生电子快速转移到Ag上面去,从而达到电子空穴快速分离的目的.但是在光催化制氢过程中,Ag吸附H~+的能力较弱,致使电子与H~+反应的诱导力较弱,使得Ag释放电子的能力较差.因此可以通过提高Ag表面对H~+的吸附强度,以加速Ag的电子释放,通过表面修饰来提高Ag助剂的光催化活性.研究发现,Ag纳米粒子表面与含硫化合物之间存在很强的亲和力.硫氰根离子(SCN~–)具有很强的电负性,容易吸附溶液中H~+离子,并且也易吸附在Ag纳米粒子的表面.因此可以利用Ag与SCN~–的作用来增强Ag释放电子的能力.本文采用光还原法将Ag沉积在g-C_3N_4半导体材料表面,然后通过在制氢牺牲剂中加入KSCN溶液,利用SCN~-与Ag的亲和力来提高光生电子参与光催化反应的效率.结果表明,在SCN~-存在的情况下,g-C_3N_4/Ag的光催化制氢性能显著提高.当制氢溶液中SCN~–浓度为0.3 mmol L~(–1)时,材料的光催化制氢性能达最大,为3.89μmol h~(–1),比g-C_3N_4/Ag性能提高5.5倍.基于少量的SCN~–就能明显提高g-C_3N_4/Ag材料的光催化性能,我们提出了一个可能性的作用机理:金属银和SCN~-协同作用,即银纳米粒子作为光生电子的捕获和传输的一种有效的电子传递介质,而选择性吸附在银表面的SCN~-作为界面活性位点有效地吸附溶液中的质子以促进产氢反应,二者协同作用,加速了g-C_3N_4-Ag–SCN~-三物种界面之间电荷的传输、分离及界面催化反应速率,有效抑制了g-C_3N_4主体材料光生电子和空穴的复合,因而g-C_3N_4/Ag–SCN复合材料的光催化制氢性能提高.考虑到其成本低、效率高,SCN~–助催化剂有很大的潜力广泛应用于制备高性能的银修饰光催化材料.     

A note on functional a posteriori estimates for elliptic optimal control problems

In this work, new results on functional type a posteriori estimates for elliptic optimal control problems with control constraints are presented. More precisely, we derive new, sharp, guaranteed, and fully computable lower bounds for the cost functional in addition to the already existing upper bounds. Using both, the lower and the upper bounds, we arrive at two‐sided estimates for the cost functional. We prove that these bounds finally lead to sharp, guaranteed and fully computable upper estimates for the discretization error in the state and the control of the optimal control problem. First numerical tests are presented confirming the efficiency of the a posteriori estimates derived. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 403–424, 2017     

带有不确定参数的一类混沌金融系统的广义投影同步

针对带有不确定参数的一类混沌金融系统,提出了实现驱动系统和响应系统广义投影同步的自适应控制策略,并基于Lyapunov稳定性理论给出和验证了广义投影同步稳定性判据.数值仿真验证了控制策略和理论分析的有效性.     

侵入气体沿井筒的上升规律研究

地层气体侵入井筒后形成气液两相流动体系,气体沿井筒向上滑脱运移,随着所受压力的降低其发展变化过程会很快,如果不及时处理就会演变为井涌、井喷,甚至井喷失控.因此,准确的预测侵入气体沿井筒的上升规律,有助于认识气侵发展过程,同时为现场采取井控措施提供理论依据,有效避免井下复杂事故.基于侵入气体沿井筒运动的力学特性,建立了气体的上升速度模型,模型模拟分析表明:地层渗透率越高、机械钻速越快、单位时间内侵入井筒的气体量越多、气体上升速度越快,井底压力波动越大;施加一定的井口回压可以有效抑制气体的膨胀运移.